7N Tellurium Crystal Khōlo le Tlhoekiso

7N Tellurium Crystal Khōlo le Tlhoekiso

I. Tlhoekiso ea Lintho tse tala le Tlhoekiso ea Pele

1. "Khetho ea thepa e tala le ho silakanya"

• "Litlhoko tsa Lintho: Sebelisa tellurium ore kapa anode slime (Te content ≥5%), haholo-holo koporo e qhibilihisang anode slime (e nang le Cu₂Te, Cu₂Se) e le lisebelisoa tse tala.
• "Mokhoa oa ho Phekola Pele:
• Ho pshatla ha mahoashe ho isa boholo ba likaroloana ≤5mm, ho lateloa ke ho sila ka bolo ho ≤200 mesh;
• karohano ea Magnetic (magnetic field intensity ≥0.8T) ho tlosa Fe, Ni, le litšila tse ling tsa makenete;
• Froth flotation (pH=8-9, xanthate collectors) ho arola SiO₂, CuO, le litšila tse ling tse seng tsa makenete .
• "Mehato ya tlhokomelo: Qoba ho kenya mongobo nakong ea pheko e metsi (e hloka ho omisoa pele e halikisoa); laola mongobo oa tikoloho ≤30%.

1. "Pyrometallurgical Roasting le Oxidation"

• "Mekhoa ea Ts'ebetso:
• Mocheso oa ho chesa oxidation: 350-600 ° C (taolo e hlophisitsoeng: mocheso o tlase bakeng sa desulfurization, mocheso o phahameng bakeng sa oxidation);
• Nako ea ho chesa: Lihora tsa 6-8, ka tekanyo ea phallo ea O₂ ea 5-10 L / min;
• Reagent: Concentrated sulfuric acid (98% H₂SO₄), tekanyo ea boima Te₂SO₄ = 1:1.5.
• "Karabelo ea Lik'hemik'hale:
  Cu2Te+2O2+2H2SO4→2CuSO4+TeO2+2H2OCu2Te+2O2+2H2 SO4​→2CuSO4+TeO2+2H2O
• "Mehato ya tlhokomelo: Laola mocheso ≤600 ° C ho thibela TeO₂ volatilization (ntlha e belang 387 ° C); tšoara khase ea ho ntša metsi ka li-scrubber tsa NaOH .

II. Electrorefining le Vacuum Disstillation

1. "Electrorefining"

• "Sistimi ea elektrolyte:
• Motsoako oa electrolyte: H₂SO₄ (80–120g/L), TeO₂ (40–60g/L), motsoako (gelatin 0.1–0.3g/L);
• Taolo ea mocheso: 30–40°C, sekhahla sa phallo ea potoloho 1.5–2 m³/h.
• "Mekhoa ea Ts'ebetso:
• Boima ba hona joale: 100–150 A/m², motlakase oa sele ke 0.2–0.4V;
• Sebaka sa elektrode: 80-120mm, botenya ba cathode 2-3mm/8h;
• Katleho ea ho tlosa litšila: Cu ≤5ppm, Pb ≤1ppm.
• "Mehato ya tlhokomelo: Kamehla sefa electrolyte (ho nepahala ≤1μm); ka mochini o bentša libaka tsa anode ho thibela passivation.

1. "Vacuum distillation"

• "Mekhoa ea Ts'ebetso:
• Boemo ba Vacuum: ≤1×10⁻²Pa, mocheso oa distillation 600–650°C ;
• Mocheso oa sebaka sa condenser: 200-250 ° C, Tekanyo ea mouoane e sebetsang hantle ≥95%;
• Nako ea distillation: 8-12h, bokhoni ba batch e le 'ngoe ≤50kg .
• "Kabo ea Tšilafalo: Litšila tse belang tse tlase (Se, S) li bokellana ka pele ho condenser; litšila tse phahameng tse belang (Pb, Ag) li sala ka mesaletsa.
• "Mehato ya tlhokomelo: Sistimi ea vacuum ea pele ho ≤5×10⁻³Pa pele e futhumatsa ho thibela Te oxidation.

III. Khōlo ea Crystal (Directional Crystallization).

1. "Tlhophiso ea Lisebelisoa"

• "Mehlala ea Sebōpi sa Khōlo ea CrystalTDR-70A/B (bokhoni ba 30kg) kapa TRDL-800 (bokhoni ba 60kg);
• Lisebelisoa tsa Crucible: graphite e phahameng-e hloekileng (molora ≤5ppm), litekanyo Φ300 × 400mm;
• Mokhoa oa ho futhumatsa: Ho futhumala ha graphite, mocheso o phahameng ka ho fetisisa 1200 ° C.

1. "Mekhoa ea Ts'ebetso"

• "Melt Control:
• Mocheso o qhibilihang: 500-520 ° C, botebo ba letamo la qhibiliha 80-120mm;
• Khase e sireletsang: Ar (bohloeki ≥99.999%), sekhahla sa phallo 10-15 L / min.
• "Crystallization Parameters:
• Sekhahla sa ho hula: 1-3mm / h, lebelo la ho potoloha ha kristale 8-12rpm;
• Mocheso oa mocheso: Axial 30-50 ° C / cm, radial ≤10 ° C / cm;
• Mokhoa oa ho pholisa: Motheo oa koporo o pholileng ka metsi (mocheso oa metsi 20-25 ° C), pholiso ea mahlaseli a holimo.

1. "Taolo ea Tšilafalo"

• "Segregation Effect: Litšila tse kang Fe, Ni (coefficient ea khethollo <0.1) li bokella meeli ea lijo-thollo;
• "Remelting Cycles: Lipotoloho tse 3-5, litšila tsohle tsa ho qetela ≤0.1ppm.

1. "Mehato ya tlhokomelo:

• Koahela holim'a metsi ka lipoleiti tsa graphite ho hatella Te volatilization (tahlehelo ≤0.5%);
• Lekola bophara ba kristale ka nako ea 'nete u sebelisa litekanyo tsa laser (ho nepahala ± 0.1mm);
• Qoba ho feto-fetoha ha mocheso > ± 2 ° C ho thibela keketseho ea sekhahla sa dislocation (sepheo ≤10³/cm²) .

IV. Tlhahlobo ea Boleng le Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa

V. Melao-motheo ea Tikoloho le Polokeho

1. "Phekolo ea Khase ea Exhaust:

• Mollo oa ho chesa: Neutralize SO₂ le SeO₂ ka li-scrubber tsa NaOH (pH≥10);
• Vacuum distillation exhaust: Condense le ho hlaphoheloa Te vapor; mesaletsa ea likhase tse adsorbed ka activated carbon.

1. "Slag Recycling:

• Anode slime (e nang le Ag, Au): Hlakola ka hydrometallurgy (H₂SO₄-HCl system);
• Masala a electrolysis (a nang le Pb, Cu): Khutlela lits'ebetsong tsa ho qhibilihisa koporo.

1. "Mehato ea Tšireletseho:

• Basebelisi ba tlameha ho roala limaske tsa khase (Te vapor e chefo); boloka moea o mobe oa khatello ea moea (sekhahla sa phapanyetsano ea moea ≥10 cycles / h) .

Litaelo tsa Ntlafatso ea Ts'ebetso

1. "Raw Material Featured: Fetola mocheso o besitsoeng le karo-karolelano ea asiti ka matla ho ipapisitse le mehloli ea slime ea anode (mohlala, koporo khahlano le ho qhibiliha ha loto);
2. "Crystal Hulling Rate Matching: Fetola lebelo la ho hula ho latela melt convection (nomoro ea Reynolds Re≥2000) ho hatella supercooling ea molaotheo;
3. "Matla a Matla: Sebelisa mocheso oa libaka tse peli tsa mocheso (sebaka se seholo sa 500 ° C, sub-zone 400 ° C) ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla a graphite ka 30%.