7N Tellurium Crystal Kobaca iyo Nadiifinta

7N Tellurium Crystal Kobaca iyo Nadiifinta

aniga Daawaynta Walaxda Ceyriinka ah iyo Nadiifinta Horudhac ah‌

1. ?Xulashada alaabta ceeriin iyo burburin?

• ?Shuruudaha Agabka‌: Isticmaal tellurium ore ama anode slime (Te content ≥5%), gaar ahaan naxaasta dhalaalaysa anode slime (oo ay ku jirto Cu₂Te, Cu₂Se) sida walxo ceeriin ah.
• ?Habka daawaynta ka hor:
• Burburinta ba'an ilaa cabbirka walxaha ≤5mm, oo ay ku xigto shiidid kubbadda ilaa ≤200 mesh;
• Kala-soocidda magnetic (xoojinta goobta magnetic ≥0.8T) si loo saaro Fe, Ni, iyo wasakh kale oo magnetic;
• Froth sabbeynta (pH = 8-9, xanthate ururiyeyaasha) si loo kala saaro SiO₂, CuO, iyo wasakh kale oo aan birlab lahayn.
• ?Ka taxadaritaanKa fogow soo bandhigida qoyaanka inta lagu jiro daawaynta qoyan (waxay u baahan tahay qalajin ka hor inta aanad dubin); xakamee qoyaanka deegaanka ≤30%.

1. ?Dubin Pyrometallurgical iyo Oxidation?

• ?Hababka Habraaca:
• Heerkulka dubista Oxidation: 350-600 ° C (xakamaynta marxaladda: heerkulka hooseeya ee desulfurization, heerkulka sare ee oksaydhka);
• Waqtiga dubista: 6-8 saacadood, oo leh heerka socodka O₂ 5-10 L/daqiiqo;
• Reagent: sulfuric acid (98% H₂SO₄), saamiga tirada Te₂SO₄ = 1:1.5 .
• ?Falcelinta Kiimikada:
  Cu2Te+2O2+2H2SO4→2CuSO4+TeO2+2H2OCu2Te+2O2​+2H2SO4​→2CuSO4+TeO2+2H2O
• ?Ka taxadaritaan‌: Xakamaynta heerkulka ≤600°C si looga hortago isbeddelka TeO₂ (barta karkarinta 387°C); ku dawee gaaska qiiqa xoqida NaOH .

II. Electrorefining and Vacuum Distillation‌

1. ?Electrorefining?

• ?Habka Electrolytka:
• Halabuurka korantada: H₂SO₄ (80-120g/L), TeO₂ (40-60g/L), daro (gelatin 0.1-0.3g/L);
• Xakamaynta heerkulka: 30-40°C, heerka socodka wareegga 1.5-2 m³/h.
• ?Hababka Habraaca:
• Cufnaanta hadda: 100-150 A/m², tamarta unugga 0.2-0.4V;
• Fogaanta korantada: 80-120mm, dhumucda kaydinta cathode 2-3mm / 8h;
• Waxtarka ka saarista wasakhda: Cu ≤5ppm, Pb ≤1ppm.
• ?Ka taxadaritaan‌: Si joogto ah u sifeeya elektrolytka (sax ahaan ≤1μm); si farsamaysan u nadiifi sagxadaha anode-ga si aad uga hortagto socodka.

1. ?Distillation Vacuum?

• ?Hababka Habraaca:
• Heerka faakuumka: ≤1 × 10⁻²Pa, heerkulka distillation 600-650 ° C;
• Heerkulka aagga qaboojiyaha: 200-250 ° C, waxtarka uumiga uumiga ≥95%;
• Waqtiga kala-soocidda: 8-12saac, awoodda dufcaddii-hal-aad ≤50kg.
• ?Qaybinta wasakhdawasakhda hoose ee karkarinaysa (Se, S) waxay ku ururtaa kondenseriyaha hore; wasakhda karkarinaysa (Pb, Ag) ayaa ku hadhay hadhaaga .
• ?Ka taxadaritaan‌: Nidaamka faakuumka pre-pump ilaa ≤5×10⁻³ Pa ka hor kuleylka si looga hortago oxidation-ka.

III. Kobaca Crystal (Kristalization-ka tooska ah)

1. ?Habaynta Qalabka?

• ?Moodooyinka Foornooyinka Kobaca Crystal: TDR-70A/B (karka 30kg) ama TRDL-800 (cawska 60kg);
• Qalabka la jajabiyey: Garaafka nadiifka ah ee sarreeya (waxyaabaha ash ≤5ppm), cabbirada Φ300 × 400mm;
• Habka kuleylinta: Kuleylka caabbinta garaafka, heerkulka ugu badan 1200°C.

1. ?Hababka Habraaca?

• ?Xakamaynta dhalaalaysa:
• Heerkulka dhalaalka: 500-520 ° C, barkada qoto dheer ee 80-120mm;
• Gaaska ilaalinta: Ar (nadiif ≥99.999%), heerka socodka 10-15 L/daqiiqo.
• ?Qiyaasta Crystallization:
• Heerka jiidista: 1-3mm/h, xawaaraha wareegtada crystal 8-12rpm;
• Heerkulka heerkulka: Axial 30-50 ° C / cm, radial ≤10 ° C / cm;
• Habka qaboojinta: Saldhigga naxaasta ee biyaha lagu qaboojiyey (heerkulka biyaha 20-25 ° C), qaboojinta shucaaca sare.

1. ?Xakamaynta wasakhda?

• ?Saamaynta Kala-soocidda‌: wasakhda sida Fe, Ni (kala soocidda <0.1) waxay ku ururtaa xuduudaha hadhuudhka;
• ?Wareegyada dib u soo celinta‌: 3-5 wareegyo, wadarta wasakhda ugu dambeysa ≤0.1ppm.

1. ?Ka taxadaritaan:

• Ku dabool dusha dhalaalka leh taarikada garaafka si loo xakameeyo isbeddelka Te (heerka khasaaraha ≤0.5%);
• La soco dhexroorka crystal wakhtiga dhabta ah adoo isticmaalaya cabbirada laysarka (sax ahaan ± 0.1mm);
• Ka fogow heerkulka isbedbeddelka>±2°C si aad uga hortagto kororka cufnaanta kala-baxa ( bartilmaameedka ≤10³/cm²) .

IV. Kormeerka Tayada iyo Qiyaasaha Muhiimka ah

V. Xeerarka Deegaanka iyo Badbaadada

1. ?Daawaynta Gaaska Dabaysha:

• Dabaysha dubista: Dhexdhexaad ka dhig SO₂ iyo SeO₂ leh NaOH scrubbers (pH≥10);
• qiiqa kala-saarista faakuumka: Isku ururi oo soo kabso uumiga Tee; gaasaska haraaga ah oo lagu shubo kaarboon firfircoon.

1. ?Dib u warshadaynta Slag:

• Anode slime (oo ka kooban Ag, Au): Ka soo kabso iyada oo loo marayo hydrometallurgy (H₂SO₄-HCl nidaamka);
• Hadhaaga korantada (oo ka kooban Pb, Cu): Ku noqo hababka dhalaalidda naxaasta.

1. ?Tallaabooyinka Badbaadada:

• Hawl-wadeenadu waa inay xidhaan maaskaro gaas ah (Te uumiga waa sun); sii wad hawo-qaadista cadaadiska taban (heerka sarrifka hawada ≥10 wareeg / saac) .

Tilmaamaha Hagaajinta Habraaca

1. ?Laqabsiga Qalabka Ceyriinka‌: U hagaaji heerkulka dubay iyo saamiga aashitada si firfircoon oo ku salaysan ilo slime anode ah (tusaale, copper vs. dhalaalidda rasaasta);
2. ?Isbarbardhigga Qiimaha Jiididda Crystal‌: Hagaajin xawaaraha jiidista iyadoo loo eegayo isu-dheellitirka dhalaalka (Lambarka Reynolds Re≥2000) si loo xakameeyo qaboojinta dastuurka;
3. ?Waxtarka Tamarta‌: Isticmaal kuleylinta aagga laba-heerkulka ah (aagga ugu weyn 500°C, aagga-hoosaadka 400°C) si loo yareeyo isticmaalka awoodda caabbinta garaafka 30%.