7N Tellurium Crystal Growth and Puring

7N Tellurium Crystal Growth and Puring

I. Te Maamaa Raw Material Pretreatment and Preliminary Pure

1. ?Te Whiriwhiringa Rawa me te Kuru?

• ?Nga Whakaritenga Rawa‌ : Whakamahia te tellurium ore, anode slime ranei (Te ihirangi ≥5%), he pai ake te whakarewa parahi anode parawai (kei roto te Cu₂Te, Cu₂Se) hei rauemi mata.
• ?Te Tukatuka Tomua:
• Te kuru kino ki te rahi matūriki ≤5mm, ka whai i te mira poroporo ki te ≤200 mata;
• Te wehenga aukume (te kaha o te mara aukume ≥0.8T) ki te tango i te Fe, Ni, me etahi atu mea poke;
• Te rewa o te hukahuka (pH=8-9, kaikohi xanthate) hei wehe i te SiO₂, CuO, me etahi atu poke kore-aukume.
• ?Whakatupato‌ : A ape i te whakauru i te makuku i te wa o te whakamakuku makuku (me whakamaroke i mua i te tunu kai); whakahaere haumākū ambient ≤30% .

1. ?Pyrometallurgical Roasting and Oxidation?

• ?Tawhā Tukatuka:
• Te mahana o te tunu waiora: 350–600°C (te mana whakahaere: te iti o te pāmahana mo te whakamaaramatanga, te teitei o te pāmahana mo te waikura) ;
• Te wa tunu: 6-8 haora, me te rere O₂ o te 5-10 L/min;
• Reagent: Te waikawa pungatara (98% H₂SO₄), ōwehenga papatipu Te₂SO₄ = 1:1.5 .
• ?Tauhohenga matū:
  Cu2Te+2O2+2H2SO4→2CuSO4+TeO2+2H2OCu2​Te+2O2​+2H2​SO4​→2CuSO4​+TeO2​+2H2​O
• ?Whakatupato‌ : Whakahaerehia te pāmahana ≤600°C hei aukati i te whakakorikoritanga o TeO₂ (kohuatanga 387°C); hamani hau pau ki te NaOH scrubbers.

II. Te Whakakore Hiko me te Maamaa

1. ?Te whakamaarama hiko?

• ?Pūnaha Hikohiko:
• Te hanganga hiko: H₂SO₄ (80–120g/L), TeO₂ (40–60g/L), tāpiritanga (gelatin 0.1–0.3g/L) ;
• Te mana o te pāmahana: 30–40°C, te rere rere o te tohanga 1.5–2 m³/h.
• ?Tawhā Tukatuka:
• Kiato o naianei: 100–150 A/m², ngaohiko pūtau 0.2–0.4V ;
• Te mokowhiti hiko: 80–120mm, te matotoru waipara cathode 2–3mm/8h ;
• Te pai o te tango i te poke: Cu ≤5ppm, Pb ≤1ppm .
• ?Whakatupato‌ : Tātari auau te electrolyte (tika ≤1μm); whakakoi miihini i nga mata anode hei aukati i te koretake.

1. ?Korehau Māturu?

• ?Tawhā Tukatuka:
• Taumata korehau: ≤1×10⁻²Pa, te wera whakamahana 600–650°C ;
• Te paemahana rohe condenser: 200–250°C, Te kohu condensation pai ≥95% ;
• Wā Māturu: 8–12h, kotahi puranga kaha ≤50kg .
• ?Tohanga poke: Ko nga poke iti-kohua (Se, S) ka whakaemi ki te mua o te condenser; Ko nga poke-kohua teitei (Pb, Ag) ka noho tonu ki nga toenga.
• ?Whakatupato‌ : Pūnaha korehau i mua i te papu ki te ≤5×10⁻³Pa i mua i te whakamahana kia kore ai te haukuratanga.

III. Te Tipu Kiriata (Arohanga Tioataata)‌

1. ?Whirihoranga Taputapu?

• ?Nga Tauira Umu Tipu Crystal: TDR-70A/B (30kg kaha) TRDL-800 ranei (60kg kaha) ;
• Rauemi parapara: Kauwhata parakore teitei (te ihirangi pungarehu ≤5ppm), te rahi Φ300×400mm ;
• Tikanga whakawera: Te whakamahana parenga kauwhata, te pāmahana teitei 1200°C .

1. ?Tawhā Tukatuka?

• ?Mana Whakarewa:
• Te pāmahana rewa: 500–520°C, te hohonu o te puna rewa 80–120mm;
• Te hau tiaki: Ar (te ma ≥99.999%), te rere o te rere 10-15 L / min.
• ?Tawhā whakatioatanga:
• Te tere toia: 1–3mm/h, te tere hurihuri karaihe 8–12rpm ;
• Rōnaki pāmahana: Axial 30–50°C/cm, radial ≤10°C/cm ;
• Tikanga whakamahana: Te turanga parahi kua whakamatao ki te wai (te wera o te wai 20–25°C), te whakamahana whakamahana o runga.

1. ?Mana poke?

• ?Pānga Wehewehenga‌ : Ko nga poke penei i te Fe, Ni (te whakarea wehewehe <0.1) ka whakaemi ki nga rohe witi;
• ?Hurihuri Whakarewa‌ : 3–5 huringa, te tapeke pokenga whakamutunga ≤0.1ppm .

1. ?Whakatupato:

• Hipokina te mata rewanga ki nga papa kauwhata hei pehi i Te pähekeheke (tere mate ≤0.5%) ;
• Aroturuki te diameter o te karaihe i roto i te waa tuuturu ma te whakamahi i nga tohu taiaho (tika ±0.1mm);
• A ape i te rerekee o te pāmahana >±2°C hei aukati i te piki o te kiato o te wehenga (te whaainga ≤10³/cm²) .

IV. Te Tirohanga Kounga me nga Inenga Matua

V. Nga Kawa Taiao me te Haumaru‌

1. ?Maimoatanga Hau Whakamutunga:

• Te tunu kai: Whakakorea te SO₂ me te SeO₂ ki te NaOH scrubbers (pH≥10) ;
• Korehau whakamarumaru korehau: Whakatoo me te whakaora Te kohu; haurehu toenga ka whakakohia ma te waro whakahohe.

1. ?Parapara Recycling:

• Anode slime (kei roto Ag, Au): Whakaora ma te hydrometallurgy (H₂SO₄-HCl system) ;
• Nga toenga hiko (kei roto te Pb, Cu): Hoki ki nga punaha whakarewa parahi.

1. ?Nga Mahi Haumaru:

• Me mau nga kaipakihi hau (He paitini te kohu); mau tonu te hau pehanga kino (te utu whakawhiti hau ≥10 huringa/h) .

Nga Aratohu Arotautanga Tukatuka

1. ?Te Urutau Rawa‌ : Whakaritea te pāmahana tunu me te ōwehenga waikawa i runga i te hihiko i runga i nga puna parawai anode (hei tauira, te parahi me te whakarewa mata) ;
2. ?Whakaorite Reiti Toia Crystal‌ : Whakaritea te tere toia kia rite ki te rewa rewa (Reynolds tau Re≥2000) ki te pehi i te supercooling ture ;
3. ?Pungao Pungao‌ : Whakamahia te whakamahana rohe-rua-mahana (rohe matua 500°C, rohe-rohe 400°C) hei whakaiti i te kohi hiko parenga kauwhata e 30% .