7N Tellurium Crystal Growth and Cleaning

7N Tellurium Crystal Growth and Cleaning

M. Ngwọta ihe eji eme ihe na nchacha nke mbido

1. ;Nhọrọ Akụrụngwa na Nchicha;

• ;Ihe achọrọ‌: Jiri tellurium ore ma ọ bụ anode slime (Te ọdịnaya ≥5%), ọkacha mma ọla kọpa smelting anode slime (nwere Cu₂Te, Cu₂Se) dị ka akụrụngwa.
• ;Usoro ọgwụgwọ mbụ:
• Nchikota nke siri ike na nha ≤5mm, nke a na-egwepịa bọọlụ na-esote ≤200 ntupu;
• Nkewa magnetik (ike ndọta ≥0.8T) iji wepụ Fe, Ni, na ihe ndọta ndị ọzọ;
• Froth flotation (pH = 8-9, ndị na-anakọta xanthate) iji kewaa SiO₂, CuO, na adịghị ọcha ndị ọzọ na-abụghị magnetik.
• ;Mkpachapụ anya‌: Zere iwebata mmiri n'oge pretreatment mmiri (chọrọ ihicha tupu rie); na-achịkwa iru mmiri ≤30%.

1. ;Pyrometallurgical Roasting na Oxidation;

• ;Usoro Usoro:
• Okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ oxidation: 350-600 ° C (nchịkwa nhazi: obere okpomọkụ maka desulfurization, okpomọkụ dị elu maka oxidation);
• Oge nri: 6-8 awa, yana ọnụego O₂ nke 5-10 L / min;
• Reagent: sulfuric acid gbara ọkpụrụkpụ (98% H₂SO₄), oke nha Te₂SO₄ = 1:1.5 .
• ;Mmeghachi omume Chemical:
  Cu2Te+2O2+2H2SO4→2CuSO4+TeO2+2H2OCu2Te+2O2​+2H2SO4​→2CuSO4+TeO2+2H2O
• ;Mkpachapụ anya‌: Control okpomọkụ ≤600 Celsius iji gbochie TeO₂ volatilization (ebe esi 387 ° C); jiri ihe nchacha NaOH na-emeso gas iyuzucha.

II. Electrorefining na Vacuum Distillation

1. ;Electrorefining;

• ;Sistemụ eletriki:
• Ngwakọta electrolyte: H₂SO₄ (80-120g / L), TeO₂ (40-60g / L), mgbakwunye (gelatin 0.1-0.3g / L);
• Njikwa okpomọkụ: 30-40 ° C, ọnụego mgbasa ozi 1.5-2 m³ / h.
• ;Usoro Usoro:
• Njupụta dị ugbu a: 100-150 A/m², voltaji cell 0.2-0.4V;
• Oghere elektrọnik: 80-120mm, nha nha nke cathode 2-3mm / 8h;
• Mwepụ adịghị ọcha: Cu ≤5ppm, Pb ≤1ppm.
• ;Mkpachapụ anya‌: Na-enyocha electrolyte mgbe niile (nkenke ≤1μm); elu anode na-eji ígwè eme ihe iji gbochie passivation.

1. ;Mgbasa ọkụ;

• ;Usoro Usoro:
• Ọkwa oghere: ≤1×10⁻²Pa, distillation okpomọkụ 600-650°C;
• Okpomọkụ mpaghara mpaghara condenser: 200-250C, Te vepo condensation arụmọrụ ≥95%;
• Oge nkwụsịtụ: 8-12h, ikike otu-ogbe ≤50kg.
• ;Nkesa adịghị ọcha‌: adịghị ọcha na-esi ísì ụtọ (Se, S) na-agbakọba n'ihu condenser; adịghị ọcha na-esi elu (Pb, Ag) na-anọgide na ihe fọdụrụnụ.
• ;Mkpachapụ anya‌: Pre-pump agụụ usoro ka ≤5×10⁻³Pa tupu kpo oku iji gbochie Te oxidation.

III. Uto kristal (Cristalization ntụzịaka).

1. ;Nhazi akụrụngwa;

• ;Ụdị Ọkụ Growth CrystalTDR-70A/B (ikike 30kg) ma ọ bụ TRDL-800 (ikike 60kg);
• Ihe eji eme ihe: graphite dị ọcha (ọdịnaya ash ≤5ppm), akụkụ Φ300 × 400mm;
• Usoro ikpo ọkụ: Igwe ọkụ na-eguzogide graphite, okpomọkụ kachasị elu 1200°C.

1. ;Usoro Usoro;

• ;Njikwa agbaze:
• Na-agbaze okpomọkụ: 500-520 ° C, gbazee ọdọ mmiri omimi 80-120mm;
• Gas na-echebe: Ar (ịdị ọcha ≥99.999%), ọnụego 10-15 L / min.
• ;Parameters kristal:
• Ọnụego ịdọrọ: 1-3mm / h, ọsọ ntụgharị kristal 8-12rpm;
• Okpomọkụ gradient: Axial 30-50 ° C / cm, radial ≤10 ° C / cm;
• Usoro nju oyi: isi ọla kọpa nke mmiri jụrụ oyi (mmiri okpomọkụ 20-25 Celsius C), nju oyi n'elu.

1. ;Njikwa adịghị ọcha;

• ;Mmetụta nkewa‌: Ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha dị ka Fe, Ni (ọnụọgụ nkewa <0.1) na-agbakọta na oke ọka;
• ;Usoro mgbagharị‌: 3-5 okirikiri, ikpeazụ ngụkọta adịghị ọcha ≤0.1ppm.

1. ;Mkpachapụ anya:

• Na-ekpuchi elu igwe gbazere na efere graphite iji gbochie Te volatilization (ọnụego ọnwụ ≤0.5%);
• Nyochaa dayameta kristal ozugbo site na iji nlele laser (nkenke ± 0.1mm);
• Zenarị mgbanwe okpomọkụ>±2°C iji gbochie njupụta njupụta njupụta (ebumnuche ≤10³/cm²) .

IV. Nleba ogo na metrik isi

V. Usoro nchekwa gburugburu na nchekwa

1. ;Ọgwụgwọ mkpochapụ gas:

• Ngwunye na-ekpo ọkụ: Kwụsị SO₂ na SeO₂ na NaOH scrubbers (pH≥10);
• Ịkwụsị ikpochapụ ikuku: Kpochie ma nwetaghachite uzuoku; gas fọdụrụnụ na-agbasa site na carbon na-arụ ọrụ.

1. ;Slag Recycling:

• Anode slime (nwere Ag, Au): Naghachi site na hydrometallurgy (H₂SO₄-HCl usoro);
• Ihe fọdụrụ na electrolysis (nwere Pb, Cu): Laghachi na usoro mgbaze ọla kọpa.

1. ;Usoro nchekwa:

• Ndị na-arụ ọrụ ga-eyi ihe mkpuchi gas (Te vapor bụ egbu egbu); nọgide na-enwe nrụgide na-adịghị mma (ọnụego mgbanwe ikuku ≥10 cycles / h) .

Ntuziaka nkwalite usoro

1. ;Ndozi ihe akụrụngwa‌: Gbanwee okpomọkụ amịkpọ na oke acid n'ụzọ siri ike dabere na isi mmalite slime anode (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọla kọpa vs. agbaze ndu);
2. ;Nkwekọrịta ọnụ ahịa kristal‌: Gbanwee ịdọrọ ọsọ dị ka gbazee convection (nọmba Reynolds Re≥2000) iji gbochie ịgbachi nkịtị;
3. ;Ịrụ ọrụ ike‌: Jiri kpo oku mpaghara okpomoku okpukpu abụọ (mpaghara isi 500°C, mpaghara sub-400°C) iji belata oriri ike graphite site na 30%.