7N Tellurium Crystal Loj hlob thiab Purification

7N Tellurium Crystal Loj hlob thiab Purification

Kuv. Raw Material Pretreatment thiab Preliminary Purification

1. covRaw Khoom Xaiv thiab Crushingcov

• covCov ntaub ntawv xav tau: Siv tellurium ore los yog anode slime (Te ntsiab lus ≥5%), zoo dua tooj liab smelting anode slime (muaj Cu₂Te, Cu₂Se) ua raw khoom.
• covTxheej txheem Pretreatment:
• Coarse crushing rau particle loj ≤5mm, ua raws li pob milling rau ≤200 mesh;
• Sib nqus sib cais (magnetic teb siv ≥0.8T) kom tshem tawm Fe, Ni, thiab lwm yam hlau nplaum impurities;
• Froth flotation (pH = 8-9, xanthate collectors) cais SiO₂, CuO, thiab lwm yam uas tsis yog-magnetic impurities.
• covCov kev ceev faj: Tsis txhob qhia cov dej noo thaum lub sij hawm ntub pretreatment (yuav tsum tau ziab ua ntej ci); tswj ambient humidity ≤30%.

1. covPyrometallurgical Roasting thiab Oxidationcov

• covTxheej txheem Parameters:
• Oxidation roasting kub: 350-600 ° C (staged tswj: qis kub rau desulfurization, kub kub rau oxidation);
• Roasting lub sij hawm: 6-8 teev, nrog O₂ txaus tus nqi ntawm 5-10 L / min;
• Reagent: Concentrated sulfuric acid (98% H₂SO₄), huab hwm coj ratio Te₂SO₄ = 1:1.5 .
• covTshuaj tiv thaiv:
  Cu2Te + 2O2 + 2H2SO4 → 2CuSO4 + TeO2 + 2H2OCu2 Te + 2O2 + 2H2 SO4 → 2CuSO4 + TeO 2 + 2H2O
• covCov kev ceev faj: Tswj qhov kub thiab txias ≤600 ° C los tiv thaiv TeO₂ volatilization (qhov kub ntawm 387 ° C); kho cov pa pa nrog NaOH scrubbers.

II. Electrorefining thiab Vacuum Distillation

1. covElectrorefiningcov

• covElectrolyte System:
• Electrolyte muaj pes tsawg leeg: H₂SO₄ (80–120g/L), TeO₂ (40–60g/L), additive (gelatin 0.1–0.3g/L);
• Kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias: 30-40 ° C, kev khiav ceev 1.5-2 m³ / h.
• covTxheej txheem Parameters:
• Tam sim no ceev: 100-150 A / m², cell voltage 0.2-0.4V;
• Electrode nrug: 80-120mm, cathode deposition thickness 2-3mm / 8h;
• Kev tshem tawm impurity: Cu ≤5ppm, Pb ≤1ppm.
• covCov kev ceev faj: Tsis tu ncua lim electrolyte (qhov tseeb ≤1μm); mechanically polish anode nto los tiv thaiv passivation.

1. covNqus Distillationcov

• covTxheej txheem Parameters:
• Nqus theem: ≤1 × 10⁻²Pa, distillation kub 600-650 ° C;
• Condenser cheeb tsam kub: 200-250 ° C, Te vapor condensation efficiency ≥95%;
• Lub sij hawm distillation: 8-12h, ib leeg-batch muaj peev xwm ≤50kg.
• covKev faib tawm impurity: Tsawg-boiling impurities (Se, S) khaws cia ntawm lub condenser pem hauv ntej; high-boiling impurities (Pb, Ag) nyob rau hauv residues.
• covCov kev ceev faj: Ua ntej lub tshuab nqus tsev twj rau ≤5 × 10⁻³Pa ua ntej cua sov kom tiv thaiv Te oxidation.

III ib. Crystal Growth (Directional Crystallization).

1. covKhoom Configurationcov

• covCrystal Growth Rauv Models: TDR-70A / B (30kg muaj peev xwm) lossis TRDL-800 (60kg muaj peev xwm);
• Crucible khoom: High-purity graphite (cov ntsiab lus tshauv ≤5ppm), qhov ntev Φ300 × 400mm;
• Cua sov txoj kev: Graphite kuj cua sov, siab tshaj plaws kub 1200 ° C.

1. covTxheej txheem Parameterscov

• covMelt Control:
• Melting kub: 500-520 ° C, yaj pas dej tob 80-120mm;
• Kev tiv thaiv roj: Ar (purity ≥99.999%), ntws tus nqi 10-15 L / min.
• covCrystallization Parameters:
• Rub tus nqi: 1-3mm / h, siv lead ua kev sib hloov ceev 8-12rpm;
• Kub gradient: Axial 30-50 ° C / cm, radial ≤10 ° C / cm;
• Txias txoj kev: Dej-txias tooj liab puag (dej kub 20-25 ° C), sab saum toj radiative txias.

1. covImpurity Tswjcov

• covSegregation nyhuv: Cov impurities zoo li Fe, Ni (kev sib cais coefficient <0.1) sib sau ua ke ntawm cov ciam teb;
• covLub voj voog rov qab: 3-5 cycles, tag nrho impurities ≤0.1ppm .

1. covCov kev ceev faj:

• Npog melt nto nrog graphite daim hlau los suppress Te volatilization (poob tus nqi ≤0.5%);
• Saib xyuas siv lead ua txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub sijhawm siv laser gauges (qhov tseeb ± 0.1mm);
• Zam kev hloov pauv> ± 2 ° C los tiv thaiv kev tshem tawm kev cuam tshuam nce ntxiv (phiaj rau hauv).

IV. Kev soj ntsuam zoo thiab cov ntsuas ntsuas tseem ceeb

V. Environmental and Safety Protocols

1. covExhaust Gas kho:

• Roasting exhaust: Neutralize SO₂ thiab SeO₂ nrog NaOH scrubbers (pH ≥10);
• Nqus distillation tso pa: Condense thiab rov ua pa; residual gases adsorbed ntawm activated carbon.

1. covSlag Recycling:

• Anode slime (muaj Ag, Au): Rov qab los ntawm hydrometallurgy (H₂SO₄-HCl system);
• Electrolysis residues (muaj Pb, Cu): Rov qab mus rau tooj liab smelting systems .

1. covKev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb:

• Cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum hnav lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg (Te vapor yog tshuaj lom); tswj qhov cua tsis zoo (cua pauv tus nqi ≥10 cycles / h).

Txheej txheem Optimization Guidelines

1. covRaw Material Adaptation: Kho roasting kub thiab acid ratio dynamically raws li anode slime qhov chaw (xws li, tooj liab vs. lead smelting);
2. covCrystal Rub Rate Matching: Kho rub ceev raws li yaj convection (Reynolds tus naj npawb Re≥2000) txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev cai lij choj supercooling;
3. covZog Efficiency: Siv dual-kub cheeb tsam cua sov (tseem cheeb tsam 500 ° C, sub-zone 400 ° C) kom txo tau graphite kuj zog noj los ntawm 30%.