7N Tellurium Crystal Girma da Tsarkakewa

7N Tellurium Crystal Girma da Tsarkakewa

I. Raw Material Pretreatment da Tsarkake Farko‌

1. "Zaɓin Kayan Kaya da Crush"

• "Abubuwan Bukatun‌: Yi amfani da tellurium ore ko anode slime (Te abun ciki ≥5%), zai fi dacewa jan ƙarfe smelting anode slime (dauke da Cu₂Te, Cu₂Se) azaman ɗanyen abu.
• "Tsarin Magani:
• M murkushewa zuwa barbashi girman ≤5mm, bi da ball milling zuwa ≤200 raga;
• Rarraba Magnetic (ƙarfin filin maganadisu ≥0.8T) don cire Fe, Ni, da sauran ƙazantattun magnetic;
• Froth flotation (pH = 8-9, masu tattara xanthate) don raba SiO₂, CuO, da sauran ƙazantattun abubuwan da ba na maganadisu ba.
• "Matakan kariya‌: Guji gabatar da danshi a lokacin rigar pretreatment (yana buƙatar bushewa kafin gasa); sarrafa zafi na yanayi ≤30%.

1. "Pyrometallurgical Roasting da Oxidation"

• "Ma'aunin Tsari:
• Oxidation roasting zafin jiki: 350-600 ° C (tsari iko: low zazzabi for desulfurization, high zafin jiki ga hadawan abu da iskar shaka);
• Lokacin gasasshen: 6-8 hours, tare da ƙimar O₂ na 5-10 L / min;
• Reagent: sulfuric acid mai da hankali (98% H₂SO₄), yawan rabo Te₂SO₄ = 1:1.5 .
• "Maganin Sinadari:
  Cu2Te+2O2+2H2SO4→2CuSO4+TeO2+2H2OCu2Te+2O2+2H2SO4​→2CuSO4+TeO2+2H2O
• "Matakan kariya‌: Control zafin jiki ≤600 ° C don hana TeO₂ volatilization ( tafasar batu 387 ° C); kula da iskar gas da NaOH scrubbers.

II. Electrorefining da Vacuum Distillation

1. "Electrorefining"

• "Electrolyte System:
• Abubuwan da ke cikin Electrolyte: H₂SO₄ (80-120g / L), TeO₂ (40-60g / L), ƙari (gelatin 0.1-0.3g / L);
• Kula da zafin jiki: 30-40 ° C, yawan kwararar wurare dabam dabam 1.5-2 m³/h.
• "Ma'aunin Tsari:
• Yawan halin yanzu: 100-150 A/m², ƙarfin lantarki 0.2-0.4V;
• Tazarar Electrode: 80-120mm, kauri mai kauri na cathode 2-3mm / 8h;
• Haɓakar ƙazamar ƙazanta: Cu ≤5ppm, Pb ≤1ppm.
• "Matakan kariya‌: Tace electrolyte akai-akai (daidaitacce ≤1μm); injina goge saman anode don hana wucewa .

1. "Vacuum Distillation"

• "Ma'aunin Tsari:
• Mataki matakin: ≤1 × 10⁻²Pa, distillation zafin jiki 600-650 ° C;
• Yanayin zafin jiki na yanki: 200-250 ° C, Te vapor condensation yadda ya dace ≥95%;
• Lokacin distillation: 8-12h, iya aiki guda ɗaya ≤50kg.
• "Rarraba Najasa‌: Rashin ƙazanta masu tafasa (Se, S) sun taru a gaban na'urar na'ura; ƙazanta masu tafasa (Pb, Ag) sun kasance a cikin ragowar.
• "Matakan kariya‌: Pre-pump injin injin tsarin zuwa ≤5×10⁻³Pa kafin dumama don hana Te oxidation.

III. Girman Crystal (Directional Crystallization)

1. "Kanfigareshan Kayan aiki"

• "Model Girman Girman CrystalTDR-70A/B (30kg iya aiki) ko TRDL-800 (60kg iya aiki);
• Crucible abu: High-tsarki graphite (ash abun ciki ≤5ppm), girma Φ300 × 400mm;
• Hanyar dumama: Dumawar juriya na graphite, matsakaicin zafin jiki 1200°C.

1. "Ma'aunin Tsari"

• "Narke Control:
• Narke zafin jiki: 500-520 ° C, narke zurfin tafkin 80-120mm;
• Gas mai kariya: Ar (tsarki ≥99.999%), yawan kwarara 10-15 L / min.
• "Crystallization Parameters:
• Yawan ja: 1-3mm / h, saurin juyawa crystal 8-12rpm;
• Zazzabi gradient: Axial 30-50 ° C / cm, radial ≤10 ° C / cm;
• Hanyar sanyaya: Tushen jan ƙarfe mai sanyaya ruwa (zazzabi na ruwa 20-25 ° C), saman sanyaya mai haske.

1. "Tsaftace Tsafta"

• "Tasirin Warewa‌: Abubuwan da ba su da tsabta kamar Fe, Ni (ƙirar ƙima <0.1) suna tarawa a iyakokin hatsi;
• "Zagaye na Sake dawowa‌: 3-5 hawan keke, na ƙarshe jimlar ƙazanta ≤0.1ppm.

1. "Matakan kariya:

• Rufe saman narke tare da faranti graphite don murkushe Te volatilization (asara ≤0.5%);
• Kula da diamita crystal a ainihin lokacin ta amfani da ma'aunin laser (daidaita ± 0.1mm);
• Guji sauyin yanayin zafi>±2°C don hana haɓakar yawan rarrabuwa (manufa ≤10³/cm²) .

IV. Ingancin Inganci da Mahimman Ma'auni‌

V. Ka'idojin Muhalli da Tsaro

1. "Maganin Ciwon Gas:

• Gasasshen shaye-shaye: Neutralize SO₂ da SeO₂ tare da NaOH scrubbers (pH≥10);
• Matsakaicin distillation shaye-shaye: Tara da dawo da Te tururi; sauran iskar gas da aka tallata ta hanyar carbon da aka kunna.

1. "Slag Recycling:

• Anode slime (dauke da Ag, Au): farfadowa ta hanyar hydrometallurgy (H₂SO₄-HCl tsarin);
• Ragowar Electrolysis (dauke da Pb, Cu): Komawa tsarin narkewar tagulla.

1. "Matakan Tsaro:

• Dole ne masu aiki su sanya abin rufe fuska na gas (Te tururi mai guba ne); kula da iska mara kyau (yawan canjin iska ≥10 hawan keke / h) .

Jagororin Haɓaka Tsari

1. "Danye Kayan Kayan Aiki‌: Daidaita gasasshen zafin jiki da acid rabo a kuzari bisa ga anode slime kafofin (misali, jan karfe vs. gubar smelting);
2. "Crystal Pulling Rate Matching‌: Daidaita saurin ja bisa ga narke convection (Lambar Reynolds Re≥2000) don murkushe supercooling na tsarin mulki;
3. "Ingantaccen Makamashi‌: Yi amfani da dual-zazzabi yankin dumama (babban yankin 500C, sub-zone 400°C) don rage graphite juriya ikon amfani da 30% .