Ukuhlanzwa kwe-selenium ephezulu (≥99.999%) kuhilela inhlanganisela yezindlela ezingokwenyama nezamakhemikhali ukususa ukungcola okufana ne-Te, Pb, Fe, ne-As. Okulandelayo yizinqubo ezibalulekile namapharamitha:
1. I-Vacuum Distillation
Ukugeleza Kwenqubo:
1. Faka i-selenium engahluziwe (≥99.9%) ku-quartz crucible ngaphakathi kwesithando se-vacuum distillation.
2. Shisisa ku-300-500 ° C ngaphansi kwe-vacuum (1-100 Pa) imizuzu engu-60-180.
3. Umhwamuko we-selenium ujiya ku-condenser enezigaba ezimbili (isiteji esiphansi esinezinhlayiya ze-Pb/Cu, isigaba esiphezulu sokuqoqwa kwe-selenium).
4. Qoqa i-selenium ku-condenser ephezulu;碲(Te) nokunye ukungcola okubilayo kusala esigabeni esiphansi.
Amapharamitha:
- Izinga lokushisa: 300-500°C
- Ingcindezi: 1-100 Pa
- I-Condenser impahla: I-quartz noma insimbi engagqwali.
2. Ukuhlanzwa Kwamakhemikhali + I-Vacuum Distillation
Ukugeleza Kwenqubo:
1. Ukushiswa Kwe-oxidation: Thatha i-selenium engahluziwe (99.9%) nge-O₂ ku-500°C ukuze kwakheke amagesi e-SeO₂ kanye ne-TeO₂.
2. I-Solvent Extraction: Chaza i-SeO₂ esixazululweni samanzi e-ethanol, hlunga i-TeO₂ precipitate.
3. Ukunciphisa: Sebenzisa i-hydrazine (N₂H₄) ukunciphisa i-SeO₂ ku-elenium elemental.
4. Deep De-Te: Oxidize selenium futhi ku-SeO₄²⁻, bese ukhipha i-Te usebenzisa i-solvent extraction.
5. I-Final Vacuum Distillation: Hlanza i-selenium ku-300-500 ° C kanye ne-1-100 Pa ukuze uzuze ubumsulwa be-6N (99.9999%).
Amapharamitha:
- Izinga lokushisa le-oxidation: 500°C
- Umthamo we-Hydrazine: Ukweqile ukuze uqinisekise ukuncipha okuphelele.
3. Electrolytic Purification
Ukugeleza Kwenqubo:
1. Sebenzisa i-electrolyte (isb, i-selenous acid) enesisindo samanje esingu-5-10 A/dm².
2. I-selenium ifaka ku-cathode, kuyilapho i-selenium oxide ishintshashintsha ku-anode.
Amapharamitha:
- Ukuminyana kwamanje: 5-10 A/dm²
I-Electrolyte: I-selenous acid noma isixazululo se-selenate.
4. Isizinda se-Solvent
Ukugeleza Kwenqubo:
1. Khipha i-Se⁴⁺ esixazululweni usebenzisa i-TBP (tributyl phosphate) noma i-TOA (trioctylamine) kumidiya ye-hydrochloric noma ye-sulfuric acid.
2. Hlikihla futhi uphuze i-selenium, bese uphinda ukristalu.
Amapharamitha:
- Okukhiphayo: i-TBP (i-HCl medium) noma i-TOA (H₂SO₄ medium)
- Inombolo yezigaba: 2-3.
5. Ukuncibilika Kwendawo
Ukugeleza Kwenqubo:
1. Phinda uncibilike ama-selenium ingots ukuze ususe ukungcola komkhondo.
2. Ifanele ukuzuza > ukuhlanzeka okungu-5N kusuka ezintweni zokuqala ezihlanzekile.
Qaphela: Idinga okokusebenza okukhethekile futhi idinga amandla .
Isiphakamiso Somfanekiso
Ukuze uthole ireferensi ebonakalayo, bheka izibalo ezilandelayo ezivela ezincwadini:
- Ukusethwa Kwe-vacuum Disstillation: Uhlelo lwesistimu ye-condenser enezigaba ezimbili .
- I-Se-Te Phase Diagram: Ibonisa izinselele zokuhlukana ngenxa yokuvala amaphuzu abilayo.
Izithenjwa
- I-vacuum distillation nezindlela zamakhemikhali:
- Ukukhishwa kwe-Electrolytic ne-solvent:
- Amasu nezinselelo ezithuthukile:
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-21-2025