Ukucocwa kwe-selenium ephezulu (≥99.999%) kubandakanya ukudibanisa kweendlela zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali zokususa ukungcola okufana neTe, Pb, Fe, kunye ne-As. Ezi zilandelayo ziinkqubo eziphambili kunye neeparamitha:
1. Ivacuum Distillation
Inkqubo yokuhamba:
1. Beka i-selenium ekrwada (≥99.9%) kwi-quartz crucible ngaphakathi kwesithando se-vacuum distillation.
2. Ukushisa kwi-300-500 ° C phantsi kwe-vacuum (1-100 Pa) kwi-60-180 imizuzu.
3. Umphunga we-selenium udibanisa kwi-condenser yamanqanaba amabini (inqanaba eliphantsi kunye neengqungquthela ze-Pb / Cu, inqanaba eliphezulu lokuqokelela i-selenium).
4. Qokelela i-selenium ukusuka kwi-condenser ephezulu;碲(Te) kunye nobunye ukungcola okubilisa kakhulu kuhlala kwinqanaba elisezantsi.
Iiparamitha:
- Ubushushu: 300-500 °C
- Uxinzelelo: 1-100 Pa
- Izinto zeCondenser: I-quartz okanye insimbi engenasici.
2. Ukuhlanjululwa kweMichiza + i-Vacuum Distillation
Inkqubo yokuhamba:
1. Ukutshiswa kwe-Oxidation: Ukuphendula i-selenium ekrwada (99.9%) kunye ne-O₂ kwi-500 ° C ukwenza i-SeO₂ kunye ne-TeO₂ gesi.
2. I-Solvent Extraction: Nciphisa i-SeO₂ kwisisombululo samanzi ethanol, hluza i-TeO₂ precipitate.
3. Ukunciphisa: Sebenzisa i-hydrazine (N₂H₄) ukunciphisa i-SeO₂ kwi-elemental selenium.
4. I-Deep De-Te: Faka i-selenium kwakhona kwi-SeO₄²⁻, uze ukhuphe i-Te usebenzisa i-solvent extraction.
5. I-Final Vacuum Distillation: Hlanza i-selenium kwi-300-500 ° C kunye ne-1-100 Pa ukufezekisa ukucoceka kwe-6N (99.9999%).
Iiparamitha:
- Ubushushu beOxidation: 500°C
- Idosi yeHydrazine: Ukugqithisa ukuqinisekisa ukunciphisa ngokupheleleyo.
3. Ukuhlanjululwa kwe-Electrolytic
Inkqubo yokuhamba:
1. Sebenzisa i-electrolyte (umzekelo, i-selenous acid) enoxinano lwangoku lwe-5-10 A/dm².
2. I-selenium idiphozithi kwi-cathode, ngelixa i-selenium oxides iguquguquka kwi-anode.
Iiparamitha:
- Uxinano lwangoku: 5-10 A/dm²
- I-Electrolyte: I-acid eselenous okanye isisombululo se-selenate.
4. Ukutsalwa kwesinyibilikisi
Inkqubo yokuhamba:
1. Khipha i-Se⁴⁺ kwisisombululo usebenzisa i-TBP (i-tributyl phosphate) okanye i-TOA (trioctylamine) kwi-hydrochloric okanye i-sulfuric acid media.
2. Hlubula kwaye ucokise i-selenium, uze uphinde udibanise.
Iiparamitha:
- Extractant: TBP (HCl medium) okanye TOA (H₂SO₄ medium)
- Inani lezigaba: 2-3.
5. Ukunyibilika kwendawo
Inkqubo yokuhamba:
1. Rhoqo zone-nyibilika selenium ingots ukususa umkhondo ukungcola.
2. Ifanelekile ukufezekisa> ukucoceka kwe-5N kwizinto zokuqala ezihlambulukileyo.
Qaphela: Ifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kwaye idinga amandla amaninzi .
Ingcebiso yomzobo
Ukufumana ireferensi ebonwayo, bhekisa kula manani alandelayo kuncwadi:
- Ukuseta iVacuum Distillation: Isicwangciso senkqubo yecondenser enamanqanaba amabini.
- I-Diagram yeSigaba se-Se-Te: Ibonisa imingeni yokwahlukana ngenxa yamanqaku abilayo avaliweyo.
Iimbekiselo
-Ivacuum distillation kunye neendlela zekhemikhali:
-I-Electrolytic kunye ne-solvent extraction:
-Ubuchule obuphezulu kunye nemingeni:
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-21-2025