Zinc telluride (ZnTe), thepa ea bohlokoa ea II-VI ea semiconductor, e sebelisoa haholo ho lemoha infrared, lisele tsa letsatsi le lisebelisoa tsa optoelectronic. Likhatelo-pele tsa morao-rao tsa nanotechnology le k'hemistri e tala li ntlafalitse tlhahiso ea eona. Ka tlase ke mekhoa ea morao-rao ea tlhahiso ea ZnTe le likarolo tsa bohlokoa, ho kenyelletsa mekhoa ea setso le ntlafatso ea sejoale-joale:
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I. Mokhoa oa Tlhahiso ea Setso (Direct Synthesis)
1. Tokisetso ea Lintho tse tala
• High-purity zinc (Zn) le tellurium (Te): Bohloeki ≥99.999% (grade 5N), e kopantsoeng le 1: 1 molar ratio.
• Khase e sireletsang: High-purity argon (Ar) kapa nitrogen (N₂) ho thibela oxidation.
2. Phallo ea Ts'ebetso
• Mohato oa 1: Vacuum Melting Synthesis
o Kopanya phofo ea Zn le ea Te ka har'a tube ea quartz 'me u fallele ho ≤10⁻³ Pa.
o Lenaneo la ho futhumatsa: Chesa ka 5-10 ° C / min ho 500-700 ° C, tšoara lihora tse 4-6.
o Rection equation:Zn+Te→ΔZnTeZn+TeΔZnTe
• Mohato oa 2: Ho kopanya
o Eketsa sehlahisoa se tala ka 400-500 ° C bakeng sa lihora tse 2-3 ho fokotsa bofokoli ba lattice.
• Mohato oa 3: Ho silakanya le ho Sieving
o Sebelisa leloala la bolo ho sila lintho tse ngata ho isa tekanyong e shebiloeng (high-energy ball milling for nanoscale).
3. Lintlha tsa bohlokoa
• Ho nepahala ha taolo ea mocheso: ±5°C
• Sekhahla sa ho pholisa: 2–5°C/min (ho qoba mapetsong a khatello ea mocheso)
• Boholo ba thepa e tala: Zn (100–200 mesh), Te (200–300 mesh)
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II. Mokhoa o Ntlafetseng oa Sejoale-joale (Mokhoa oa Solvothermal)
Mokhoa oa solvothermal ke mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho hlahisa ZnTe ea nanoscale, e fanang ka melemo e kang boholo ba likaroloana tse laoloang le tšebeliso e tlaase ea matla.
1. Lisebelisoa tse tala le li-solvents
• Li-precursors: Zinc nitrate (Zn (NO₃) ₂) le sodium tellurite (Na₂TeO₃) kapa phofo ea tellurium (Te).
• Lisebelisoa tse fokotsang: Hydrazine hydrate (N₂H₄·H₂O) kapa sodium borohydride (NaBH₄).
• Metsi a qhibilihang: Ethylenediamine (EDA) kapa deionized water (DI metsi).
2. Phallo ea Ts'ebetso
• Mohato oa 1: Phallo ea Selelekela
o Hlakola Zn(NO₃)₂ le Na₂TeO₃ ka karolelano ea 1: 1 molar ka har'a solvent ka ho sisinyeha.
• Mohato oa 2: Boitšoaro ba Phokotso
o Eketsa ntho e fokotsang (mohlala, N₂H₄·H₂O) 'me u tiise ka autoclave e nang le khatello e phahameng.
o Maemo a ho arabela:
Mocheso: 180–220°C
Nako: 12-24 lihora
Khatello: Ho Iketsetse (3–5 MPa)
o Rection equation:Zn2++TeO32−+Sehlahiswa→ZnTe+Byproducts (mohlala, H₂O, N₂)Zn2++TeO32−+Sehlahiswa sa ho fokotsa→ZnTe+Byproducts (mohlala, H₂O, N₂)
• Mohato oa 3: Ka mor'a phekolo
o Centrifuge ho arola sehlahisoa, hlatsoa makhetlo a 3-5 ka ethanol le metsi a DI.
O omisa ka tlas'a vacuum (60-80 ° C bakeng sa lihora tse 4-6).
3. Lintlha tsa bohlokoa
• Khatello ea pele: 0.1–0.5 mol/L
• Taolo ea pH: 9–11 (maemo a alkaline a rata karabelo)
• Taolo ea boholo ba likaroloana: Fetola ka mofuta oa solvent (mohlala, EDA e hlahisa li-nanowires; karolo ea metsi e hlahisa li-nanoparticles).
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III. Mekhoa e meng e tsoetseng pele
1. Kemiso ea Mouoane oa Lik'hemik'hale (CVD)
• Tšebeliso: Tokisetso ea filimi e tšesaane (mohlala, lisele tsa letsatsi).
• Li-precursors: Diethylzinc (Zn(C₂H₅)₂) le diethyltellurium (Te(C₂H₅)₂).
• Litlhophiso:
o Mocheso oa ho beha: 350–450°C
o Khase e tsamaisang thepa: Motsoako oa H₂/Ar (sekhahla sa phallo: 50–100 sccm)
o Khatello: 10⁻²–10⁻³ Torr
2. Mechanical Alloying (Ball Milling)
• Likarolo: Ha e na solvent, e nang le mocheso o tlase.
• Litlhophiso:
o Karo-karolelano ea bolo ho ea phofo: 10:1
o Nako ea ho sila: lihora tse 20-40
o Lebelo la ho potoloha: 300-500 rpm
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IV. Taolo ea Boleng le Sebopeho
1. Tlhahlobo ea bohloeki: X-ray diffraction (XRD) bakeng sa sebopeho sa kristale (tlhōrō e kholo ho 2θ ≈25.3 °).
2. Taolo ea Morphology: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) bakeng sa boholo ba nanoparticle (e tloaelehileng: 10-50 nm).
3. Elemental ratio: Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) kapa inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) ho tiisa Zn ≈1: 1.
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V. Litlhokomelo tsa Polokeho le Tikoloho
1. Phekolo ea khase ea litšila: Monya H₂Te ka litharollo tsa alkaline (mohlala, NaOH).
2. Ho hlaphoheloa ha solvent: Recycle solvents organic (mohlala, EDA) ka distillation.
3. Mehato ea ho itšireletsa: Sebelisa limaske tsa khase (bakeng sa tšireletso ea H₂Te) le liatlana tse thibelang ho bola.
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VI. Mekhoa ea Theknoloji
• Green synthesis: Theha mekhoa ea aqueous-phase ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho.
• Phetoho ea doping: Ntlafatsa conductivity ka ho sebelisa doping ka Cu, Ag, joalo-joalo.
• Tlhahiso e kholo: Amohela li-reactors tse tsoelang pele ho finyella likhahla tsa lik'hilograma.
Nako ea poso: Mar-21-2025