O lo'o ta'ua i lalo se au'ili'iliga fa'apitoa o tekonolosi fou, sa'o, tau, ma fa'ata'ita'iga fa'aoga:
I. Fa'atekonolosi Su'esu'ega Fou
- ?Tekinolosi Feso'ota'i ICP-MS/MS?
- ?Mataupu FaavaeFaʻaaogaina le tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) e faʻaumatia ai le faʻalavelave faʻafuaseʻi, faʻatasi ma le faʻaogaina muamua o togafitiga (faʻataʻitaʻiga, faʻafefeteina o meaʻai poʻo le faʻamavaeina o le microwave), faʻatagaina le suʻeina o mea leaga ma metalloid i le maualuga o le ppb
- ?Sa'o: Fa'atapula'a fa'amatalaga e pei o le0.1 ppb, talafeagai mo metals ultra-mama (≥99.999% mama).
- ?Tau: Tulaga maualuga o meafaigaluega (~285,000–285,000–714,000 USD), faʻatasi ai ma manaʻoga tausiga ma faʻatinoga
- ?High-Resolution ICP-OES?
- ?Mataupu Faavae : Fa'atatauina o mea leaga e ala i le su'esu'eina o elemene fa'apitoa fa'aoso fa'aoso fa'aoso e le fa'aoso o le plasma.
- ?Sa'o : Su'esu'e tulaga le mama ppm ma se laina laina lautele (5-6 oka o le tele), e ui lava e mafai ona tupu le faʻalavelave faʻalavelave.
- ?Tau: Tau tau meafaigaluega (~143,000–143,000–286,000 USD), lelei mo uʻamea maualuga-mama masani (99.9%-99.99% mama) i suʻega faʻaputu.
- ?Fa'ata'ita'iga Mass Spectrometry (GD-MS)?
- ?Mataupu Faavae : Fa'asa'o sa'o i luga o fa'ata'ita'iga mautu e 'alofia ai le fa'aleagaina o vaifofo, fa'ataga ai le su'esu'eina o le tele o le isotope.
- ?Sa'o: E o'o atu tapula'a su'esu'egappt-tulaga, fuafuaina mo semiconductor-grade ultra-mama metals (≥99.9999% mama).
- ?Tau: Matua maualuga (> $714,000 USD), fa'atapula'a i fale su'esu'e maualuluga.
- ?In-Situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)?
- ?Mataupu Faavae : Su'esu'e tulaga o vaila'au i luga o le eleele e su'esu'e ai vaega o le oxide po'o vaega le mama78.
- ?Sa'o: Nanoscale loloto iugafono ae faʻatapulaʻa i suʻesuʻega i luga.
- ?Tau: Maualuluga (~$429,000 USD), faatasi ai ma le tausiga faigata.
II. Fautuaina Fofo Su'esu'ega
Faʻavae i luga o le ituaiga uʻamea, tulaga mama, ma le paketi, o faʻapotopotoga nei e fautuaina:
- ?Metala Mama Sili (>99.999%)?
- ?Tekinolosi: ICP-MS/MS + GD-MS14
- ?Tulaga lelei : Ufiufi ai fa'ama'i ma su'esu'ega isotope i le sa'o maualuga.
- ?Talosaga: Semiconductor meafaitino, sputtering sini.
- ?Metala Fa'amama maualuga (99.9%–99.99%)?
- ?Tekinolosi: ICP-OES + Fa'ama'i Fa'ama'i24
- ?Tulaga lelei: E taugofie (atoa ~$214,000 USD), lagolagoina le tele-elemene vave suʻesuʻeina.
- ?Talosaga: Alamanuia maualuga-mama apa apa, kopa, ma isi.
- ?Metala Taua (Au, Ag, Pt)?
- ?Tekinolosi: XRF + Su'esu'ega afi 68
- ?Tulaga lelei : Suʻesuʻega e le faʻaleagaina (XRF) faʻapipiʻi faʻatasi ma le faʻamaonia o vailaʻau maualuga-saʻo; tau atoa~71,000–71,000–143,000 USD?
- ?Talosaga: Mea teuteu, pulufana, poʻo faʻaaliga e manaʻomia ai faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻamaoni.
- ?Talosaga ma'ale'ale tau?
- ?Tekinolosi : Fa'asu'esu'eina o vaila'au + Amioga/Su'esu'ega vevela24
- ?Tulaga lelei: Aofa'iga tau< $29,000 USD, talafeagai mo SMEs poʻo suʻesuʻega muamua.
- ?Talosaga: Su'esu'ega o mea mata'utia po'o le fa'atonutonuina o tulaga lelei.
III. Fa'atusatusaga Fa'atekonolosi ma Taiala Filifiliga
| Tekinolosi | Sa'o (Tagata Su'esu'ega) | Tau (Meafaigaluega + Tausiga) | Talosaga |
| ICP-MS/MS | 0.1 ppb | Maualuga Maualuga ($428,000 USD) | Su'esu'ega u'amea mama sili15 |
| GD-MS | 0.01 ppt | Mata'utia ($714,000 USD) | Su'esu'eina o le isotope tulaga semiconductor48 |
| ICP-OES | 1 ppm | Faigata (143,000–143,000–286,000 USD) | Fa'ata'ita'iga mo u'amea masani56 |
| XRF | 100 ppm | Medium (71,000–71,000–143,000 USD) | Su'ega uamea taua e le fa'aleagaina68 |
| Fa'asu'ega vaila'au | 0.1% | Maulalo (<$14,000 USD) | Su'esu'ega fa'atusatusa tau maualalo24 |
Aotelega
- ?Fa'amuamua ile Sa'o : ICP-MS/MS poʻo le GD-MS mo uʻamea sili-maualuga-mama, e manaʻomia ai se paketi tele.
- ?Paleni Tau-Tauleleia : ICP-OES tu'ufa'atasia ma metotia kemikolo mo fa'aoga masani fa'apisinisi.
- ?Manaoga e Le Fa'aleagaina: XRF + su'ega afi mo u'amea taua.
- ?Fa'agata o le Tala o le Tupe : titration vaila'au fa'atasi ma le conductivity/su'esu'ega vevela mo SMEs
Taimi meli: Mati-25-2025