Zinc telluride (ZnTe), chinthu chofunikira cha II-VI semiconductor, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pozindikira ma infrared, ma cell a solar, ndi zida za optoelectronic. Kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa kwa nanotechnology ndi green chemistry kwathandizira kupanga kwake. M'munsimu muli njira zamakono zopangira ZnTe ndi zofunikira, kuphatikizapo njira zamakono ndi zamakono:
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I. Traditional Production Process (Direct Synthesis)
1. Kukonzekera Zopangira Zopangira
• Zinc zoyera kwambiri (Zn) ndi tellurium (Te): Chiyero ≥99.999% (kalasi ya 5N), yosakanikirana ndi 1: 1 molar ratio.
• Gasi woteteza: High-purity argon (Ar) kapena nitrogen (N₂) pofuna kupewa okosijeni.
2. Njira Yoyenda
• Gawo 1: Kaphatikizidwe ka Vacuum Melting
o Sakanizani ufa wa Zn ndi Te mu chubu cha quartz ndikuchoka ku ≤10⁻³ Pa.
o Pulogalamu yotentha: Kutentha pa 5-10 ° C / min mpaka 500-700 ° C, gwirani kwa maola 4-6.
o Rection equation:Zn+Te→ΔZnTeZn+TeΔZnTe
Gawo 2: Kuwonjezera
o Yambani mankhwala osakhwima pa 400-500 ° C kwa maola 2-3 kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa lattice.
• Gawo 3: Kuphwanya ndi Sieving
o Gwiritsani ntchito mphero pogaya zinthu zambiri mpaka kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono (mpira wopatsa mphamvu kwambiri wa nanoscale).
3. Zofunika Kwambiri
• Kuwongolera kutentha: ±5°C
• Kuzizira: 2–5°C/mphindi (kupewa ming'alu ya kutentha kwa kutentha)
• Kukula kwa tinthu tambiri: Zn (100–200 mesh), Te (200–300 mesh)
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II. Njira Yamakono Yowonjezereka (Njira ya Solvothermal)
Njira ya solvothermal ndiyo njira yodziwika bwino yopangira nanoscale ZnTe, yopereka zabwino monga kukula kwa tinthu tating'ono komanso kutsika kwamphamvu kwamphamvu.
1. Zida Zopangira ndi Zosungunulira
• Precursors: Zinc nitrate (Zn(NO₃)₂) ndi sodium tellurite (Na₂TeO₃) kapena tellurium powder (Te).
• Zochepetsera: Hydrazine hydrate (N₂H₄·H₂O) kapena sodium borohydride (NaBH₄).
• Zosungunulira: Ethylenediamine (EDA) kapena madzi a deionized (DI madzi).
2. Njira Yoyenda
• Gawo 1: Kuwonongeka kwa Precursor
o Sungunulani Zn(NO₃)₂ ndi Na₂TeO₃ mu 1: 1 molar ratio mu zosungunulira pansi kusonkhezera.
• Gawo 2: Kuchepetsa Kuchitapo kanthu
o Onjezani chochepetsera (mwachitsanzo, N₂H₄·H₂O) ndikusindikiza mu autoclave yothamanga kwambiri.
o Zochita:
Kutentha: 180–220°C
Nthawi: 12-24 hours
Kupanikizika: Kudzipangira (3–5 MPa)
o Mayankhidwe:Zn2++TeO32−+Reducing agents→ZnTe+Byproducts (monga, H₂O, N₂)Zn2++TeO32−+Reducing agent→ZnTe+Byproducts (monga, H₂O, N₂)
• Gawo 3: Mukalandira chithandizo
o Centrifuge kuti mulekanitse mankhwalawo, sambani nthawi 3-5 ndi ethanol ndi DI madzi.
o Yanikani pansi pa vacuum (60-80 ° C kwa maola 4-6).
3. Zofunika Kwambiri
• Kuphatikizika kwa precursor: 0.1–0.5 mol/L
• Kuwongolera pH: 9-11 (mikhalidwe ya alkaline imakonda kuchita)
• Kuwongolera kukula kwa tinthu: Sinthani kudzera pamtundu wa zosungunulira (mwachitsanzo, EDA imatulutsa ma nanowires; gawo lamadzi limatulutsa ma nanoparticles).
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III. Njira Zina Zapamwamba
1. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
• Kugwiritsa ntchito: Kukonzekera kwakanema (monga ma cell a solar).
• Otsogolera: Diethylzinc (Zn(C₂H₅)₂) ndi diethyltellurium (Te(C₂H₅)₂).
• Zoyendera:
o Kuyika kutentha: 350–450°C
o Mpweya wonyamula: H₂/Ar osakaniza (kuthamanga kwa 50-100 sccm)
o Kupanikizika: 10⁻²–10⁻³ Torr
2. Mechanical Alloying (Kugaya Mpira)
• Zofunika: Zosungunulira zopanda, kutentha kochepa.
• Zoyendera:
o Chiŵerengero cha mpira ndi ufa: 10:1
o Nthawi yogaya: 20-40 hours
o Kuthamanga kwa liwiro: 300-500 rpm
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IV. Kuwongolera Ubwino ndi Makhalidwe
1. Kusanthula kwa chiyero: X-ray diffraction (XRD) kwa mawonekedwe a kristalo (pamwamba pa 2θ ≈25.3 °).
2. Kulamulira kwa morphology: Kutumiza kwa ma electron microscopy (TEM) kwa kukula kwa nanoparticle (wofanana: 10-50 nm).
3. Chiŵerengero cha Elemental: Mphamvu-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) kapena inductively kuphatikiza plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) kutsimikizira Zn ≈1: 1.
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V. Kuganizira za Chitetezo ndi Zachilengedwe
1. Kuchiza kwa gasi: Yatsani H₂Te ndi njira za alkaline (mwachitsanzo, NaOH).
2. Kubwezeretsanso zosungunulira: Bweretsaninso zosungunulira za organic (mwachitsanzo, EDA) kudzera mu distillation.
3. Njira zodzitetezera: Gwiritsani ntchito masks a gasi (poteteza H₂Te) ndi magolovesi osawononga dzimbiri.
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VI. Zochitika Zamakono
• Green kaphatikizidwe: Pangani machitidwe amadzimadzi kuti muchepetse kugwiritsa ntchito zosungunulira za organic.
• Kusintha kwa Doping: Limbikitsani kukhazikika mwa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi Cu, Ag, etc.
• Kupanga kwakukulu: Gwiritsani ntchito ma reactor opitilirabe kuti mukwaniritse ma kilogalamu ambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-21-2025