Kuyeretsedwa kwa selenium yoyera kwambiri (≥99.999%) kumaphatikizapo njira zophatikizira zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala kuti zichotse zonyansa monga Te, Pb, Fe, ndi As. Zotsatirazi ndi njira zazikulu ndi magawo:
1. Vacuum distillation
Njira Yoyenda:
1. Ikani selenium yaiwisi (≥99.9%) mu quartz crucible mkati mwa ng'anjo ya vacuum distillation.
2. Kutentha kwa 300-500 ° C pansi pa vacuum (1-100 Pa) kwa mphindi 60-180.
3. Mpweya wa selenium umalowa mu condenser ya magawo awiri (otsika pansi ndi Pb / Cu particles, siteji yapamwamba yosonkhanitsa selenium).
4. Sungani selenium kuchokera ku condenser yapamwamba;碲(Te) ndi zonyansa zina zotentha kwambiri zimakhalabe m'munsi.
Zoyimira:
- Kutentha: 300-500 ° C
- Pressure: 1-100 Pa
- Zinthu za Condenser: Quartz kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
2. Chemical Purification + Vacuum Distillation
Njira Yoyenda:
1. Kuwotcha kwa Oxidation: Yambani selenium yaiwisi (99.9%) ndi O₂ pa 500 ° C kupanga mpweya wa SeO₂ ndi TeO₂.
2. Zosungunulira Zosungunulira: Sungunulani SeO₂ mu njira ya ethanol-madzi, sefani TeO₂ precipitate.
3. Kuchepetsa: Gwiritsani ntchito hydrazine (N₂H₄) kuchepetsa SeO₂ ku elemental selenium.
4. Deep De-Te: Oxidize selenium kachiwiri ku SeO₄²⁻, kenako chotsani Te pogwiritsa ntchito zosungunulira.
5. Final Vacuum Distillation: Yeretsani selenium pa 300-500 ° C ndi 1-100 Pa kuti mukwaniritse chiyero cha 6N (99.9999%).
Zoyimira:
- Kutentha kwa okosijeni: 500°C
- Mlingo wa Hydrazine: Wowonjezera kuwonetsetsa kuchepetsedwa kwathunthu.
3. Electrolytic Purification
Njira Yoyenda:
1. Gwiritsani ntchito electrolyte (mwachitsanzo, selenous acid) yokhala ndi kachulukidwe ka 5-10 A/dm².
2. Selenium imayikidwa pa cathode, pamene selenium oxides amasungunuka pa anode.
Zoyimira:
- Kachulukidwe wapano: 5-10 A/dm²
Electrolyte: Selenous acid kapena selenate solution.
4. Zosungunulira m'zigawo
Njira Yoyenda:
1. Tulutsani Se⁴⁺ mumtsuko pogwiritsa ntchito TBP (tributyl phosphate) kapena TOA (trioctylamine) mu hydrochloric kapena sulfuric acid media.
2. Chotsani ndi kutulutsa selenium, kenaka muwonjezerenso.
Zoyimira:
- Extractant: TBP (HCl medium) kapena TOA (H₂SO₄ medium)
- Chiwerengero cha magawo: 2-3 .
5. Kusungunuka kwa Zone
Njira Yoyenda:
1. Sungunulani mobwerezabwereza ma selenium ingots kuti muchotse zonyansa.
2. Yoyenera kukwaniritsa> 5N chiyero kuchokera ku zipangizo zoyambira zoyera kwambiri.
Zindikirani: Imafunikira zida zapadera ndipo ndiyogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri.
Malingaliro azithunzi
Kuti muwone, onani ziwerengero zotsatirazi zochokera m'mabuku:
- Kukonzekera kwa Vacuum Distillation: Schematic of the two stage condenser system.
- Chithunzi cha Se-Te Phase: Ikuwonetsa zovuta zopatukana chifukwa cha kuwira kwapafupi.
Maumboni
- Vacuum distillation ndi njira zamankhwala:
- Electrolytic ndi zosungunulira m'zigawo:
-Njira zapamwamba ndi zovuta:
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-21-2025