Ko te Zinc telluride (ZnTe), he mea nui te II-VI semiconductor, e whakamahia nuitia ana i roto i te rapunga infrared, nga pūtau solar, me nga taputapu optoelectronic. Ko nga ahu whakamuatanga o naianei i roto i te hangarau nano me te matū kaakaariki kua pai ake te hanga. Kei raro nei nga tikanga whakaputa ZnTe auraki me nga tawhā matua, tae atu ki nga tikanga tuku iho me nga whakapainga hou:
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I. Tukatuka Whakaputa Tikanga (Te Whakakotahitanga Tika)
1. Raw Material Preparation
• Te konutea (Zn) me te tellurium (Te): Purity ≥99.999% (5N grade), i konatunatua ki te 1:1 molar ratio.
• Hau parenga: Argon (Ar), hauota (N₂) tino parakore ranei hei aukati i te waikura.
2. Rere Tukatuka
• Hipanga 1: Korehau Whakarewa Whakakotahitanga
o Whakaranuhia nga paura Zn me Te ki roto i te ngongo kiripaka ka wehe ki te ≤10⁻³ Pa.
o Te kaupapa whakamahana: Whakawerahia i te 5–10°C/min ki te 500–700°C, pupuri mo te 4–6 haora.
o Tauhohenga whārite:Zn+Te→ΔZnTeZn+TeΔZnTe
• Wāhanga 2: Whakawhana
o Whakanuia te hua masivesivá ki te 400–500°C mo te 2–3 haora hei whakaiti i nga hapa o te reeti.
• Hipanga 3: Te kuru me te tatari
o Whakamahia he mira poroporo hei huri i te rawa nui ki te rahi o te matūriki i whäia (te mira mira teitei mo te nanoscale).
3. Tawhā Matua
• Te tika o te whakahaere i te pāmahana: ±5°C
• Te tere whakamahana: 2–5°C/min (hei karo i nga kapiti ahotea waiariki)
• Rahi matūriki rawa: Zn (100–200 mata), Te (200–300 mata)
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II. Tukatuka Whakapai ake o Naianei (Tikanga Waiariki)
Ko te tikanga solvothermal te tikanga auraki mo te hanga nanoscale ZnTe, e tuku painga ana penei i te rahi matūriki ka taea te whakahaere me te iti o te whakapau kaha.
1. Raw Materials and Solvents
• Kaimua: Zinc nitrate (Zn(NO₃)₂) me te konutai tellurite (Na₂TeO₃) te paura tellurium (Te).
• Nga mea whakaheke: Hydrazine hydrate (N₂H₄·H₂O) or sodium borohydride (NaBH₄).
• Nga Wairewa: Ethylenediamine (EDA) he wai whakaheke ranei (DI wai).
2. Rere Tukatuka
• Hipanga 1: Tuhinga o mua
o Whakarewa te Zn(NO₃)₂ me te Na₂TeO₃ ki te 1:1 ōwehenga molar i roto i te whakarewa i raro i te whakakorikori.
• Hipanga 2: Reduction Reaction
o Tāpirihia te māngai whakaheke (hei tauira, N₂H₄·H₂O) ka hiri ki roto i te autoclave pehanga teitei.
o Nga tikanga tauhohenga:
Te Mahana: 180–220°C
Wā: 12–24 haora
Te Peketanga: Hanga-whaiaro (3–5 MPa)
o Tauhohenga whārite:Zn2++TeO32−+Reducing agent→ZnTe+Byproducts (hei tauira, H₂O, N₂)Zn2++TeO32−+Reducing agent→ZnTe+Byproducts (hei tauira, H₂O, N₂)
• Hipanga 3: I muri i te maimoatanga
o Centrifuge hei wehe i te hua, horoi kia 3-5 nga wa ki te waiwaro me te wai DI.
o Me whakamaroke i raro i te korehau (60–80°C mo te 4–6 haora).
3. Tawhā Matua
• Te kukū o mua: 0.1–0.5 mol/L
• Te whakahaere pH: 9–11 (he pai nga tikanga kawakore ki te tauhohenga)
• Te whakahaere i te rahi o te matūriki: Whakaritea ma te momo whakarewa (hei tauira, ka puta te EDA i nga waea nano; te wahanga wai ka puta nga matūriki nano).
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III. Ētahi atu Tukatuka Arā Atu Anō
1. Te Whakapae Kohu Matū (CVD)
• Te Whakamahinga: Te whakarite kiriata angiangi (hei tauira, nga pūtau solar).
• Tuhinga o mua: Diethylzinc (Zn(C₂H₅)₂) me diethyltellurium (Te(C₂H₅)₂).
• Tawhā:
o Te Paemahana Whakapae: 350–450°C
o Te hau kawe: H₂/Ar te ranunga (tere rere: 50–100 sccm)
o Pēhanga: 10⁻²–10⁻³ Torr
2. Te Whakakotahi Miihini (Miri Paoro)
• Ngā Āhuatanga: Te whakarewa-kore, te whakahiato i te pāmahana iti.
• Tawhā:
o ōwehenga pōro-ki-paura: 10:1
o Te wa mira: 20–40 haora
o Tere hurihuri: 300–500 rpm
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IV. Mana Kounga me te Tohu
1. Te tātari ma: X-ray diffraction (XRD) mo te hanganga karaihe (te tihi matua i te 2θ ≈25.3°).
2. Mana Morphology: Whakawhitinga irahiko microscopy (TEM) mo te rahi nanoparticle (te tikanga: 10-50 nm).
3. Te ōwehenga o te huānga: Te hiko-tuwherahia te hianga X-ray (EDS) me te honohono-a-ringa-a-roto plasma papatipu kiko (ICP-MS) hei whakaū i te Zn ≈1:1.
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V. Nga Whakaaro Haumaru me te Taiao
1. Te maimoatanga hau para: Horoihia te H₂Te ki te wairewa kawakore (hei tauira, NaOH).
2. Te whakaora whakarewa: Hangarua nga whakarewa pararopi (hei tauira, EDA) ma te whakamaroke.
3. Nga tikanga whakamarumaru: Whakamahia he kanohi hau (mo te whakamarumaru H₂Te) me nga karapu aukati waikura.
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VI. Tikanga Hangarau
• Whakakotahitanga Kakariki: Whakawhanakehia nga punaha wa-wai hei whakaiti i te whakamahi whakarewa waro.
• Te whakarerekētanga doping: Whakanuia te kawe ma te doping ki Cu, Ag, aha atu.
• Te hanga nui-nui: Whakatauhia nga reactors rere-rere tonu hei whakatutuki i nga puranga tauine kg.
Te wa tuku: Maehe-21-2025