Zinc telluride (ZnTe), muhimmin abu mai mahimmanci na II-VI, ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin gano infrared, ƙwayoyin hasken rana, da na'urorin optoelectronic. Ci gaban kwanan nan a nanotechnology da kore sinadarai sun inganta samar da shi. A ƙasa akwai hanyoyin samar da ZnTe na yau da kullun da mahimman sigogi, gami da hanyoyin gargajiya da haɓakawa na zamani:
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I. Tsarin Samar da Gargajiya (Tallafi kai tsaye)
1. Raw Material Shiri
• Zinc mai tsabta (Zn) da tellurium (Te): Tsafta ≥99.999% (5N grade), gauraye a cikin 1: 1 molar rabo.
• Gas mai karewa: Argon mai tsabta (Ar) ko nitrogen (N₂) don hana oxidation.
2. Tsarin Tsari
• Mataki na 1: Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa
o Mix Zn da Te foda a cikin bututun quartz kuma a kwashe zuwa ≤10⁻³ Pa.
o Shirin dumama: Zafi a 5-10 ° C/min zuwa 500-700 ° C, riƙe don 4-6 hours.
o Ma'anar amsawa:Zn+Te→ΔZnTeZn+TeΔZnTe
• Mataki na 2: Annealing
o Sanya danyen samfurin a 400-500°C na tsawon awanni 2-3 don rage lahani.
• Mataki na 3: Crushing da Sieving
o Yi amfani da injin niƙa don niƙa kayan da yawa zuwa girman barbashi da aka yi niyya (maƙarƙashiyar ƙwallo mai ƙarfi don nanoscale).
3. Mabuɗin Maɓalli
• daidaiton yanayin zafin jiki: ± 5°C
• Adadin sanyaya: 2-5°C/min (don gujewa fashewar zafin zafi)
Girman ɗanyen abu: Zn ( raga 100-200), Te (200-300 raga)
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II. Ingantaccen Tsarin Zamani (Hanyar Solvothermal)
Hanyar solvothermal ita ce babbar dabara don samar da nanoscale ZnTe, yana ba da fa'idodi kamar girman ƙwayar cuta mai sarrafawa da ƙarancin kuzari.
1. Raw Materials and Solvents
• Precursors: Zinc nitrate (Zn(NO₃)₂) da sodium tellurite (Na₂TeO₃) ko tellurium foda (Te).
• Rage wakilai: Hydrazine hydrate (N₂H₄·H₂O) ko sodium borohydride (NaBH₄).
• Abubuwan narkewa: Ethylenediamine (EDA) ko ruwa mai narkewa (ruwa DI).
2. Tsarin Tsari
• Mataki na 1: Rushewar Farko
o Narkar da Zn(NO₃)₂ da Na₂TeO₃ a cikin 1:1 molar rabo a cikin sauran ƙarfi karkashin motsawa.
• Mataki na 2: Rage martani
o Ƙara wakili mai ragewa (misali, N₂H₄·H₂O) kuma hatimi a cikin babban matsi mai ƙarfi.
o Sharuɗɗan amsawa:
Zazzabi: 180-220 ° C
Lokaci: 12-24 hours
Matsin lamba: Nasarar kai (3-5 MPa)
o Ma'anar amsawa:Zn2++TeO32-+Rage wakili →ZnTe+Sakamakon (misali, H₂O, N₂)Zn2++TeO32-+Rage wakili →ZnTe+Sakamakon (misali, H₂O, N₂)
• Mataki na 3: Bayan jiyya
o Centrifuge don ware samfurin, wanke sau 3-5 tare da ethanol da ruwan DI.
o bushe a karkashin injin (60-80 ° C na 4-6 hours).
3. Mabuɗin Maɓalli
• Ƙaddamar da ƙaddamarwa: 0.1-0.5 mol/L
• Kula da pH: 9-11 (sharadi na alkaline ya yarda da amsawa)
Ikon girman barbashi: Daidaita ta nau'in sauran ƙarfi (misali, EDA yana haifar da nanowires; lokaci mai ruwa-ruwa yana haifar da nanoparticles).
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III. Sauran Cigaban Tsari
1. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
• Aikace-aikace: Shirye-shiryen fim na bakin ciki (misali, ƙwayoyin rana).
• Abubuwan da ke gaba: Diethylzinc (Zn(C₂H₅)₂) da diethyltellurium (Te(C₂H₅)₂).
• Ma'auni:
o Zazzabi na ajiya: 350-450 ° C
o Gas mai ɗaukar kaya: cakuda H₂/Ar (yawan kwarara: 50-100 sccm)
o Matsi: 10⁻²–10⁻³ Torr
2. Injin Gine-gine (Milling Ball)
• Fasaloli: Ƙaunar-kyauta, ƙananan zafin jiki.
• Ma'auni:
o Rabo-zuwa foda: 10:1
o Lokacin Milling: 20-40 hours
o Saurin jujjuyawa: 300-500 rpm
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IV. Sarrafa inganci da Halaye
1. Tsabtace Tsabta: Diffraction X-ray (XRD) don tsarin crystal (babban tsayi a 2θ ≈25.3 °).
2. Ƙwararrun ilmin halitta: Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙa ) ya yi: 10-50 nm .
3. Matsakaicin ma'auni: Ƙwararren X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mai tarwatsa makamashi ko inductively haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe (ICP-MS) don tabbatar da Zn ≈1: 1.
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V. Tsaro da La'akari da Muhalli
1. Maganin iskar gas: Shanye H₂Te tare da maganin alkaline (misali, NaOH).
2. Warware farfadowa: Maimaita kwayoyin kaushi (misali, EDA) ta hanyar distillation.
3. Matakan kariya: Yi amfani da abin rufe fuska na gas (don kariya ta H₂Te) da safar hannu masu jure lalata.
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VI. Hanyoyin Fasaha
• Koren kira: Haɓaka tsarin ruwa-lokaci don rage amfani da sauran ƙarfi.
• Gyaran Doping: Haɓaka haɓakawa ta hanyar doping tare da Cu, Ag, da sauransu.
• Babban-sikelin samarwa: Dauki ci gaba da kwarara reactors don cimma kilo-sikelin batches.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 21-2025